Effects of exposure to tobacco smoke in pregnancies complicated by oligohydramnios and premature rupture of the membranes. I. Concentration of Cd and Pb in blood and Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in amniotic fluid.

To assess the exposure to tobacco smoke in pregnant women with oligohydramnios, idiopathic or caused by premature rupture of the membranes (PROM), cotinine concentrations were measured, using enzyme-like immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In women with idiopathic oligohydramnios (22-31 weeks of gestation), serum cotinine concentration was 1010 +/- 445 micrograms/L which provides evidence that women of this group were heavy smokers. In these women, significantly higher Cd concentrations in blood and amniotic fluid were found as compared to other pregnant women. A positive correlation between Cd concentrations in blood and amniotic fluid was observed (PROM r = 0.784; p < 0.001; idiopathic oligohydramnios r = 0.7118; p < 0.02). In oligohydramnios cases of both types, Cd concentration in amniotic fluid was over two times and Pb concentration ten times lower than blood concentrations of these metals, whereas amniotic fluid Zn concentration was two times lower than that found earlier in women with normal pregnancy. In the group of women with idiopathic oligohydramnios who were mostly exposed to tobacco smoke, a considerably larger number of still births and new-borns with CNS disorders than in PROM cases, were observed. Zn deficiency at increased exposure to Cd and Pb could play a significant role in etiology of these abnormalities. A positive correlation was found between Zn and Cu concentrations (r = 0.862; p < 0.05) in PROM cases which indicates regular transport of trace metals to the fetal ovum. The condition of infants born to this group of women was much better, and prematurity was the only complication of pregnancy.

[Evaluation of the neonatal status from pregnancies complicated by PROM or oligohydramnios in smoking women]. / Ocena stanu noworodków z ciaz powiklanych przedwczesnym odplywaniem plynu owodniowego lub malowodziem u kobiet palacych papierosy.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was analysis of neonatal status from pregnancies complicated oligohydramnios and from pregnancies complicated premature rupture of the membranes (PROM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Authors analyzed 15 newborns from pregnancies with oligohydramnios diagnosed and 15- from pregnancies complicated PROM. Mothers of these newborns smoked cigarettes or were exposed to tobacco smoke. The features taken into consideration was prematurity, hypotrophy, malformations, birth weight, Apgar scale gained by newborns in first minutes after delivery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The higher perinatal mortality, more frequent occurrence of hypotrophy and malformations were shown in newborns from pregnancies complicated oligohydramnios. The most frequent developmental anomaly was defect of nervosal system. Status of newborns from PROM pregnancies was getting better in according to lengthening duration of gestation. It wasn't stated in case of pregnancies with oligohydramnios complications.

[Levels of Cd, Pb in blood and Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb in amniotic fluid of tobacco smoking women during pregnancy complicated oligohydramnios or premature rupture of membranes]. / Poziom metali Cd i Pb we krwi oraz Zn, Cu, Cd i Pb w wodach plodowych kobiet palacych papierosy podczas ciazy powiklanej malowodziem lub przedwczesnym odplywaniem wód plodowych.

OBJECTIVES: The ingredients of tobacco smoke have the impact on uterine blood vessels. They caused vascular insufficiency of placenta during development of gestation and changes in placental tissue and fetal membranes. It manifest changeable metal permeability and others symptoms. DESIGN: Assessment of metal contents in blood and amniotic fluid in pregnancies with oligohydramnios and PROM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The materials for studies were blood and amniotic fluid of 30 pregnancies. All of them had made amino-punction between 20 and 38 week of pregnancy before procedure of amniotic fluid supplementation. 15 patients had diagnosed oligohydramnios and the next 15 women had diagnosed premature rupture of membranes. Metals were determined by method of electrothermal atomical absorbic spectrophotometry (ET-ASA). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Twice lower concentration of Zn and Cd and ten times lower concentration of Pb in amniotic fluids in examined women than women in normal pregnancy were observed. The women, with oligohydramnios in earlier period of gestation, smoked many more cigarettes and cotinine++ and Cd. were much higher. Both these facts had relevance with each other certainly. The stillborns were many more in this group. The different distribution of Cd, Pb, Zn in pregnant women with PROM and oligohydramnios, comparing with women in normal pregnancy was demonstrated. It is probable to be effect of placental tissue and fetal membranes disfunction.

A comparison of efficacy of Tolpa Torf Preparation (TTP) in the treatment of cervicitis with or without surgery.

Tolpa Torf Preparation (TTP) is an immunomodulating drug produced by Torf Corporation, Wroclaw and registered for human use in Poland. TTP enhances the process of tissue regeneration. Authors evaluate TTP effectiveness in the treatment of inflammatory states of the cervix, especially cervical erosions and the influence of this preparation of the macroscopic, cytological and bacteriological state of the cervix. TTP was used in 31 patients with the diagnosis of cervical erosion. All patients treated as yet were classified into 3 groups, depending on the treatment of cervical erosion used previously. TTP was administered orally in the dose of 5 mg (in 10 ml of water) daily during 10 days and locally in the form of tampons soaked with 1% TTP solution in the volume of 5 ml also during 10 days. TTP administered this way has beneficial therapeutic effects on the healing of cervical erosion accelerating the process of epithelialization and bringing normalization of the cytological picture. Especially beneficial in the treatment of cervical erosion is combined use of TTP and electrocoagulation or curettage--the healing time can be shortened by half.